Integrated Wellness · Research education
Look past the mechanism. Ask what was measured, in whom, and whether it changed a meaningful health outcome.
These are editorial evidence descriptors, not a validated grading scale, a ranking of effectiveness, or a safety score. Profiles may include several study types. Regulatory approval is reported separately and applies only to specific products and indications.
Controlled human trials with demonstrated outcomes in specific populations. This does not establish other uses.
Human studies exist; size, endpoints, replication and applicability vary. Biomarker changes are not proof of clinical benefit.
Predominantly cells or animal models. Human benefit and safe use have not been established.
Sparse, historical, indirect or insufficiently verified evidence. No dependable conclusion about clinical benefit.
35 molecule evidence summaries
The cited study examines diet-induced obesity in mice, not weight loss in people.
Not FDA-approved
Selective and membrane-permeable small molecule inhibitors of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase reverse high fat diet-induced obesity in mice.
Biochemical pharmacology
Matched bibliographic records confirm a publication’s identity, not the validity of every claim. Selected sources are not a systematic literature review.
Human safety research does not establish meaningful or durable weight-loss efficacy; no FDA-approved obesity indication.
Not FDA-approved
Safety and Tolerability of the Hexadecapeptide AOD9604 in Humans
Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism
Matched bibliographic records confirm a publication’s identity, not the validity of every claim. Selected sources are not a systematic literature review.
A review of predominantly rodent studies cannot establish healing benefits in people. Small human reports do not replace adequately controlled trials.
Not FDA-approved
Gastric pentadecapeptide body protection compound BPC 157 and its role in accelerating musculoskeletal soft tissue healing.
Cell and tissue research
Matched bibliographic records confirm a publication’s identity, not the validity of every claim. Selected sources are not a systematic literature review.
The cited trial studies the long-acting DAC form and hormone responses, not proof of improved recovery or anti-aging benefit. Modified GRF (1–29) without DAC is not interchangeable.
Not FDA-approved
Prolonged stimulation of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I secretion by CJC-1295, a long-acting analog of GH-releasing hormone, in healthy adults.
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
Matched bibliographic records confirm a publication’s identity, not the validity of every claim. Selected sources are not a systematic literature review.
The cited phase 2 trial is in type 2 diabetes. Outcomes apply to that studied combination and population, not arbitrary mixtures.
Not FDA-approved
Efficacy and safety of co-administered once-weekly cagrilintide 2·4 mg with once-weekly semaglutide 2·4 mg in type 2 diabetes: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, active-controlled, phase 2 trial.
Lancet (London, England)
Matched bibliographic records confirm a publication’s identity, not the validity of every claim. Selected sources are not a systematic literature review.
The cited dose-finding phase 2 trial does not establish approval or suitability for an individual.
Not FDA-approved
Once-weekly cagrilintide for weight management in people with overweight and obesity: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled and active-controlled, dose-finding phase 2 trial.
Lancet (London, England)
Matched bibliographic records confirm a publication’s identity, not the validity of every claim. Selected sources are not a systematic literature review.
A historical book chapter is background literature, not modern independently replicated evidence of insomnia treatment.
Not FDA-approved
Delta-Sleep-Inducing Peptide and its Derivatives
Biology of Sleep Substances
Matched bibliographic records confirm a publication’s identity, not the validity of every claim. Selected sources are not a systematic literature review.
Animal cognition and synapse findings do not establish benefit in human cognitive disorders.
Not FDA-approved
Evaluation of metabolically stabilized angiotensin IV analogs as procognitive/antidementia agents.
The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics
Matched bibliographic records confirm a publication’s identity, not the validity of every claim. Selected sources are not a systematic literature review.
The linked 2025 study is in human cell lines, including cancer cells—not a human clinical trial or evidence of longer lifespan.
Not FDA-approved
Epitalon increases telomere length in human cell lines through telomerase upregulation or ALT activity.
Biogerontology
Matched bibliographic records confirm a publication’s identity, not the validity of every claim. Selected sources are not a systematic literature review.
The cited research includes cells and mice. Restored tissue markers in mice are not proof of human rejuvenation.
Not FDA-approved
Targeted Apoptosis of Senescent Cells Restores Tissue Homeostasis in Response to Chemotoxicity and Aging.
Cell
Matched bibliographic records confirm a publication’s identity, not the validity of every claim. Selected sources are not a systematic literature review.
The review combines mechanistic and topical research. Topical cosmetic findings cannot be extrapolated to injection, systemic recovery or lifespan benefits.
Not FDA-approved as a drug
Regenerative and Protective Actions of the GHK-Cu Peptide in the Light of the New Gene Data.
International journal of molecular sciences
Matched bibliographic records confirm a publication’s identity, not the validity of every claim. Selected sources are not a systematic literature review.
Diagnostic or hormone-response research does not establish performance benefits. Non-US diagnostic use is not US FDA approval.
Not FDA-approved
Pralmorelin: GHRP 2, GPA 748, growth hormone-releasing peptide 2, KP-102 D, KP-102 LN, KP-102D, KP-102LN.
Drugs in R&D
Matched bibliographic records confirm a publication’s identity, not the validity of every claim. Selected sources are not a systematic literature review.
The cited physiology research concerns hormone signaling; it does not establish functional recovery or body-composition benefits.
Not FDA-approved
On the actions of the growth hormone-releasing hexapeptide, GHRP.
Endocrinology
Matched bibliographic records confirm a publication’s identity, not the validity of every claim. Selected sources are not a systematic literature review.
A small human physiology study demonstrates hormone responses, not long-term clinical or athletic benefit.
Not FDA-approved
Endocrine Activities of Ghrelin, a Natural Growth Hormone Secretagogue (GHS), in Humans: Comparison and Interactions with Hexarelin, a Nonnatural Peptidyl GHS, and GH-Releasing Hormone
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
Matched bibliographic records confirm a publication’s identity, not the validity of every claim. Selected sources are not a systematic literature review.
The linked discovery study is laboratory neuroprotection research, not a dementia treatment trial.
Not FDA-approved
A rescue factor abolishing neuronal cell death by a wide spectrum of familial Alzheimer's disease genes and Abeta.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Matched bibliographic records confirm a publication’s identity, not the validity of every claim. Selected sources are not a systematic literature review.
Animal organ-growth research and analytical identification of a product are not clinical efficacy trials. LR3 is not mecasermin, an approved IGF-1 medication.
Not FDA-approved
Long R3 insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) infusion stimulates organ growth but reduces plasma IGF-I, IGF-II and IGF binding protein concentrations in the guinea pig.
The Journal of endocrinology
Detection of His-tagged Long-R³-IGF-I in a black market product.
Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society
Matched bibliographic records confirm a publication’s identity, not the validity of every claim. Selected sources are not a systematic literature review.
The foundational linked study is preclinical. A separate human postoperative-ileus trial does not establish anti-aging or recovery benefit.
Not FDA-approved
Ipamorelin, the first selective growth hormone secretagogue.
European journal of endocrinology
Randomized postoperative-ileus study of ipamorelin
International Journal of Colorectal Disease
Disease-specific study cited by FDA; not a performance or anti-aging trial.
Matched bibliographic records confirm a publication’s identity, not the validity of every claim. Selected sources are not a systematic literature review.
PepT1-mediated uptake and inflammatory changes were studied in cells and mouse colitis models, not proof of benefit for human IBD.
Not FDA-approved
PepT1-mediated tripeptide KPV uptake reduces intestinal inflammation.
Gastroenterology
Matched bibliographic records confirm a publication’s identity, not the validity of every claim. Selected sources are not a systematic literature review.
Kisspeptin-10 physiology studies must be distinguished from kisspeptin-54 IVF trials. Evidence for the longer form does not automatically apply to this fragment.
Not FDA-approved
Kisspeptin-54 triggers egg maturation in women undergoing in vitro fertilization.
The Journal of clinical investigation
Related molecule only: kisspeptin-54, not kisspeptin-10.
Kisspeptin-10 is a potent stimulator of LH and increases pulse frequency in men
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
Hormone-response endpoint, not proof of general fertility efficacy.
Matched bibliographic records confirm a publication’s identity, not the validity of every claim. Selected sources are not a systematic literature review.
The linked review is background biology, not proof of systemic infection treatment. Limited clinical wound research cannot validate unrelated systemic uses.
Not FDA-approved
LL-37, the only human member of the cathelicidin family of antimicrobial peptides.
Biochimica et biophysica acta
Matched bibliographic records confirm a publication’s identity, not the validity of every claim. Selected sources are not a systematic literature review.
The linked study shows metabolic findings in cells and mice. Human associations with naturally occurring MOTS-c are not evidence that administration improves outcomes.
Not FDA-approved
The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistance.
Cell metabolism
Matched bibliographic records confirm a publication’s identity, not the validity of every claim. Selected sources are not a systematic literature review.
The reference citation could not be independently matched in this edition. FDA safety information is linked; cosmetic efficacy and long-term safety are not established.
Not FDA-approved
Erectogenic Properties of Melanotan II in Men with Organic Erectile Dysfunction
The Journal of Urology
Bibliographic match not independently verified. Not used as support for clinical benefit.
Matched bibliographic records confirm a publication’s identity, not the validity of every claim. Selected sources are not a systematic literature review.
The supplied citation could not be independently verified. This entry is retained with limited background only; exact construct identity and claims need further verification.
Not FDA-approved
Chronic treatment with a CNTF peptide restores neurogenesis and alleviates memory deficit in Ts65Dn mice
Alzheimer's & Dementia
Bibliographic match not independently verified. Not used as support for clinical benefit.
Matched bibliographic records confirm a publication’s identity, not the validity of every claim. Selected sources are not a systematic literature review.
The cited papers concern MGF-E peptide in cells and analytical characterization of full-length MGF—not clinical testing of PEG-MGF.
Not FDA-approved
Mechano Growth Factor E peptide (MGF-E), derived from an isoform of IGF-1, activates human muscle progenitor cells and induces an increase in their fusion potential at different ages.
Mechanisms of ageing and development
Related construct only: MGF-E or full-length MGF; not clinical evidence for PEG-MGF.
Mass spectrometric characterization of a biotechnologically produced full-length mechano growth factor (MGF) relevant for doping controls.
Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society
Related construct only: MGF-E or full-length MGF; not clinical evidence for PEG-MGF.
Matched bibliographic records confirm a publication’s identity, not the validity of every claim. Selected sources are not a systematic literature review.
Phase 3 findings apply to premenopausal women with acquired generalized HSDD, not general sexual-performance enhancement or research-grade PT-141 products.
FDA-approved product · narrow indication
Bremelanotide for the Treatment of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: Two Randomized Phase 3 Trials.
Obstetrics and gynecology
Matched bibliographic records confirm a publication’s identity, not the validity of every claim. Selected sources are not a systematic literature review.
The cited phase 2 trial supports further investigation; a published trial is not FDA approval.
Not FDA-approved
Triple-Hormone-Receptor Agonist Retatrutide for Obesity - A Phase 2 Trial.
The New England journal of medicine
Matched bibliographic records confirm a publication’s identity, not the validity of every claim. Selected sources are not a systematic literature review.
Forzinity received accelerated approval in September 2025 for Barth syndrome in patients weighing at least 30 kg. A confirmatory trial is required. This is not evidence for healthy-person longevity.
FDA accelerated approval · Barth syndrome
First-in-class cardiolipin-protective compound as a therapeutic agent to restore mitochondrial bioenergetics.
British journal of pharmacology
Matched bibliographic records confirm a publication’s identity, not the validity of every claim. Selected sources are not a systematic literature review.
The supplied conference-style citation could not be independently verified. Independent replication and broadly applicable clinical outcome evidence are limited.
Not FDA-approved
Rapid and slow response during treatment of generalized anxiety disorder with peptide anxiolytic selank
European Psychiatry
Bibliographic match not independently verified. Not used as support for clinical benefit.
Matched bibliographic records confirm a publication’s identity, not the validity of every claim. Selected sources are not a systematic literature review.
Randomized trials establish specific outcomes in selected populations. They do not validate unapproved formulations, every proposed use or self-treatment.
FDA-approved products · specific indications
Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity.
The New England journal of medicine
Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.
The New England journal of medicine
Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Obesity without Diabetes.
The New England journal of medicine
Matched bibliographic records confirm a publication’s identity, not the validity of every claim. Selected sources are not a systematic literature review.
The linked receptor-binding study uses rat brain membranes; it is not a human cognition trial. Regional clinical reports require independent replication and appraisal.
Not FDA-approved
[The binding of Semax, ACTH 4-10 heptapeptide, to plasma membranes of the rat forebrain basal nuclei and its biodegradation].
Bioorganicheskaia khimiia
Matched bibliographic records confirm a publication’s identity, not the validity of every claim. Selected sources are not a systematic literature review.
The linked article is a commentary, not a randomized anti-aging trial. Historical Geref approval and discontinuation do not make current compounded formulations FDA-approved.
Historical FDA product · discontinued
Sermorelin: a better approach to management of adult-onset growth hormone insufficiency?
Clinical interventions in aging
Matched bibliographic records confirm a publication’s identity, not the validity of every claim. Selected sources are not a systematic literature review.
The cited review concerns full-length thymosin beta-4. Its human research cannot be transferred to the TB-500 fragment; direct fragment evidence is limited.
Not FDA-approved
Thymosin β4: a multi-functional regenerative peptide. Basic properties and clinical applications.
Expert opinion on biological therapy
Related molecule only: full-length thymosin beta-4, not a TB-500 fragment trial.
Matched bibliographic records confirm a publication’s identity, not the validity of every claim. Selected sources are not a systematic literature review.
The approved indication is reduction of excess abdominal fat in adults with HIV-associated lipodystrophy. It is not a general weight-loss drug; long-term cardiovascular safety is not established.
FDA-approved product · narrow indication
Metabolic effects of a growth hormone-releasing factor in patients with HIV.
The New England journal of medicine
Matched bibliographic records confirm a publication’s identity, not the validity of every claim. Selected sources are not a systematic literature review.
Trials address different diseases, populations and regimens. The linked review does not establish a general immune-boosting effect or US approval.
Not FDA-approved
Immune Modulation with Thymosin Alpha 1 Treatment.
Vitamins and hormones
Matched bibliographic records confirm a publication’s identity, not the validity of every claim. Selected sources are not a systematic literature review.
Phase 3 trials support specific indications and populations. Drug interactions and individual eligibility still require licensed clinical assessment.
FDA-approved products · specific indications
Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity.
The New England journal of medicine
Tirzepatide versus Semaglutide Once Weekly in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.
The New England journal of medicine
Matched bibliographic records confirm a publication’s identity, not the validity of every claim. Selected sources are not a systematic literature review.
Bibliographic identities were checked against publication records where available. This selection is not exhaustive, is not a systematic review, and has not been represented as independently clinician-reviewed. Study methods and risk of bias still require appraisal.
Three supplied citations—for Melanotan II, P21 and Selank—could not be independently matched. They remain visibly marked and are not used to assert clinical benefit. TB-500, PEG-MGF and one kisspeptin citation concern related but different molecules; those distinctions are explicit.
Learn the basics of reading a studyEducation, not a prescription. Research summaries are not medical advice, dosing instructions, or an offer to sell. Mechanistic findings do not establish clinical effectiveness. US regulatory status is product- and indication-specific and may change. Discuss health decisions with a licensed clinician.
